Our findings suggest that HR is the strongest indicator of CRF. Stepwise linear regression models entering HR and all HRV parameters showed that mean HR was the strongest predictor of CRF (β = -0.333, R 2 = 0.111, p 0.05). The association of HR with CRF persisted after adjusting for sex, peak height velocity (PHV), adiposity moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, energy intake and circadian-related variable intradaily variability of activity patterns whilst for HRV parameters (i.e., pNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN) disappeared. Mean HR and standard HRV parameters (i.e., pNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN) were associated with CRF (r coefficients ranging from -0.333 to 0.268 all p ≤ 0.05). Correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. CRF was assessed using a gas analyzer while performing a maximal incremental treadmill test. Cardiac autonomic indicators were measured with Polar RS800CX ®. This study used cross-sectional baseline data of 107 overweight/obese children (10.03 ± 1.13 years, 58% boys) from the ActiveBrains project. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to study the associations between indicators of cardiac autonomic function (HR, standard and corrected HRV parameters) and CRF in overweight/obese children and (2) to test which of the two indicators (i.e., HR or HRV) is a stronger predictor of CRF. However, HR has recently shown to be a stronger predictor of CRF than HRV in healthy young adults, yet these findings need to be replicated, in other age groups such as children. Numerous studies have supported the utility of different HRV parameters as indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
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